Notice on Issuing the National Comprehensive Disaster Prevention and Reduction Plan for the 14th Five Year Plan

2022-8-5

Guojianfa [2022] No. 1

Provincial, autonomous region, and municipality governments, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, and member units of the National Disaster Reduction Commission:

The National Comprehensive Disaster Prevention and Reduction Plan for the 14th Five Year Plan has been approved by the leaders of the State Council. It is now issued to you for serious implementation.

National Disaster Reduction Commission

June 19, 2022

National Comprehensive Disaster Prevention and Reduction Plan for the 14th Five Year Plan

In order to implement the important instructions of General Secretary Xi Jinping on disaster prevention, reduction, and relief work, as well as the decisions and deployments of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, and actively promote the modernization of the natural disaster prevention and control system and capacity, this plan is formulated in accordance with laws, regulations, and documents such as the "Emergency Response Law of the People's Republic of China", the "14th Five Year Plan for National Economic and Social Development and 2035 Long Range Objectives Outline", and the "14th Five Year Plan for National Emergency System".

1、 Current situation and situation

（1） The construction achievements during the 13th Five Year Plan period.

During the 13th Five Year Plan period, the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council made a series of decisions and arrangements for disaster prevention, reduction, and relief work. Various regions and departments vigorously implemented them, and all sectors of society participated widely. The construction of China's disaster prevention, reduction, and relief system has achieved significant results.

The natural disaster management system is constantly being optimized. The Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council have issued the "Opinions on Promoting the Reform of Disaster Prevention, Reduction and Relief System and Mechanism". Deepen the reform of the emergency management system and mechanism with Chinese characteristics, establish an emergency management department, and establish a basic natural disaster management system with overall coordination and division of responsibilities. Further improve mechanisms such as comprehensive consultation and assessment of disaster risks, integrated prevention, rescue and disaster relief, advance deployment of rescue teams, and flat command and coordination. Revise and implement laws and regulations such as the Flood Control Law, Forest Law, Fire Protection Law, and Regulations on the Management of Earthquake Safety Evaluation, accelerate the legislation on natural disaster prevention and control, and revise and implement a number of natural disaster emergency plans and disaster prevention and mitigation technical standards.

The ability to prevent and control natural disasters has significantly increased. We have organized and implemented key projects for natural disaster prevention and control. The first national comprehensive risk survey of natural disasters has achieved phased results and played an important role. We have made new progress in pilot projects for ecological protection and restoration of mountains, waters, forests, fields, lakes, grasses, and sands, coastal zone protection and restoration projects, and prevention and control of major geological disasters. We have also accelerated the construction of earthquake reduction and isolation projects for housing and municipal facilities, as well as the renovation of dangerous houses in urban and rural areas. The level of disaster monitoring, forecasting, and early warning has steadily improved, and domestic high-resolution satellites, Beidou navigation, and other civilian space infrastructure have been widely used in disaster prevention, reduction, and relief.

The disaster relief capability has significantly improved. Strengthen the comprehensive management of all types and processes of disasters, and optimize the management of emergency resources. Disaster information reporting is more timely, and multi departmental and cross regional coordination and linkage such as comprehensive monitoring and early warning, major risk assessment, material allocation, and emergency rescue are more effective. We have basically established a five level disaster relief material reserve system at the central, provincial, municipal, county, and township levels. The living allowance standards for natural disasters from the central government continue to increase, and the basic living needs of disaster victims within 12 hours of a disaster are effectively guaranteed.

The effectiveness of science popularization propaganda and education is significant. On important occasions such as National Disaster Prevention and Reduction Day, Safety Production Month, National Fire Day, and International Disaster Reduction Day, various forms of disaster prevention and reduction science popularization and education activities have been carried out. The promotion of disaster prevention and reduction has achieved remarkable results in reaching enterprises, rural areas, communities, schools, and families, benefiting more than 500 million people annually. 6397 national comprehensive disaster reduction demonstration communities have been established, 13 pilot units for the first batch of national comprehensive disaster reduction demonstration counties have been identified, 12 national level fire science popularization education centers have been built, and the construction of disaster prevention and reduction science popularization online education platforms has been orderly promoted. The public's awareness of disaster prevention and reduction and self rescue skills have been significantly improved.

The international exchange and cooperation have yielded fruitful results. Actively implement the concept of a community with a shared future for mankind, and make significant progress in implementing the UN 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030. Cooperation under regional cooperation frameworks such as the Shanghai Cooperation Organization and China ASEAN has become more pragmatic, and exchanges and cooperation with countries jointly building the "the Belt and Road" have continued to expand. The active participation of the Chinese International Rescue Team and the Chinese Rescue Team in international rescue operations fully demonstrates our responsible image as a major country.

During the "13th Five Year Plan" period, China's disaster prevention, mitigation and relief system has withstood severe tests, successfully responded to major and special natural disasters such as the Jiuzhaigou Valley Scenic and Historic Interest Area earthquake, the "Lichima" super typhoon, and the flood disaster in southern China in 2020, which has further reduced the loss of people's lives and property, and provided a safe and stable environment for economic and social development. The average annual proportion of direct economic losses caused by disasters to GDP and the average annual mortality rate per million population due to disasters are 0.4% and 0.7, respectively, which are significantly lower than the planning targets of 1.3% and 1.3% proposed during the 13th Five Year Plan period. The annual average number of deaths and missing persons due to disasters, the number of collapsed houses, the area affected by crops, the area affected by forest and grassland fires, and the proportion of direct economic losses to GDP in China have decreased by 37.6%, 70.8%, 22.7%, 55.3%, and 38.9% respectively compared to the 12th Five Year Plan period.

（2） Shortcomings and challenges.

Under the background of global warming, extreme weather and climate events frequently occur in China, and high temperature, rainstorm, flood, drought and other natural disasters are prone to occur. With the continuous promotion of urbanization and industrialization, the construction of infrastructure, high-rise buildings, urban complexes, water, electricity, oil and gas pipelines, etc. is accelerating. The industrial chain and supply chain are becoming increasingly complex, and the exposure, concentration, and vulnerability of various disaster bearing bodies are constantly increasing. The clustering of multiple disaster types and the characteristics of disaster chains are becoming increasingly prominent, and the systematic and complex nature of disaster risks continues to intensify. In the face of complex and severe natural disaster situations, China's disaster prevention, reduction, and relief system still has shortcomings and deficiencies.

The overall coordination mechanism needs to be improved. The reform of emergency management system in some places still needs to be deepened, and the overall coordination of disaster prevention, reduction and relief urgently needs to be strengthened. Extreme weather and climate events occur frequently, and mechanisms such as disaster risk identification, warning and response linkage, and social mobilization are not adapted to the new situation and requirements. The prevention and control of natural disasters lack comprehensive laws, and the connection between laws and regulations for individual disasters is insufficient. The grassroots emergency organization system is not sound enough, and the level of social participation needs to be improved.

The level of disaster prevention and defense needs to be improved. The ability to defend against natural disasters is not yet coordinated and coordinated with the implementation of major national strategies. Some infrastructure in fields such as transportation, water conservancy, agriculture, communication, and electricity have low levels of fortification, and old and dangerous buildings in urban and rural areas have poor seismic resistance. There are shortcomings in urban drainage and flood prevention facilities, and some small and medium-sized rivers have low flood control standards. Hidden dangers in dangerous reservoirs are prominent, and the construction of flood storage and detention areas and forest grassland fire prevention facilities lags behind. The planning, construction, and management of emergency shelters are insufficient, and the situation of "high-risk cities and no fortification in rural areas" has not fundamentally improved.

The rescue and disaster relief capabilities need to be strengthened. The monitoring network for disasters such as earthquakes, geology, meteorology, floods and droughts, oceans, forest and grassland fires is not sound. The national comprehensive fire rescue team faces difficulties in carrying out emergency tasks for all types of disasters, such as a shortage of specialized forces in aviation rescue and insufficient modern rescue equipment. The professional level of emergency rescue teams for earthquake disaster relief, flood control and rescue, as well as forest and grassland fire fighting, is not high, and the force layout is not balanced enough. There is a gap between the types, reserves, and layout of emergency supplies and the peak demand for responding to disasters. The application of new technologies is insufficient, and the comprehensive monitoring, forecasting, and early warning capabilities for multiple types of disasters and disaster chains need to be improved. There is also a lack of research platforms such as comprehensive disaster laboratories and testing sites.

The awareness of disaster prevention and reduction in the whole society needs to be enhanced. Some local leaders lack systematic training, and their risk awareness and bottom line thinking have not been firmly established. The public's risk prevention and self rescue skills are low, and the atmosphere of the whole society participating in disaster prevention, reduction, and relief is not strong enough. The rapid development of social emergency forces requires further strengthening of standardized guidance. The disaster insurance mechanism is not yet sound and its role is not fully utilized.

China's disaster prevention, reduction, and relief work is facing new situations and challenges, as well as unprecedented opportunities. The overall strengthening of the Party's leadership provides fundamental guarantees for disaster prevention, reduction, and relief. Socialism with Chinese characteristics has entered a new stage and embarked on a new journey, providing strong impetus for disaster prevention, reduction, and relief work. The overall implementation of the national security concept provides a major opportunity for disaster prevention, reduction, and relief work, and disaster prevention, reduction, and relief work has entered a new stage of high-quality development.

2、 Guiding ideology, basic principles, and planning objectives

（1） Guiding ideology.

（2） Basic principles.

——Adhere to the overall leadership of the Party. Give full play to the important roles of local party committees and governments in organizing, coordinating, and providing guarantees, transform the political and organizational advantages of the Party's centralized and unified leadership, as well as the institutional advantages of socialist centralized efforts to accomplish major tasks, into development advantages, promote the establishment of disaster risk management and comprehensive disaster reduction concepts, implement the requirements of "two adherences and three transformations", form a work pattern of joint management and coordinated cooperation among all parties, and gather strength and provide guarantees for disaster prevention, reduction, and relief work.

——Adhere to putting the people at the center. Adhere to the principle of putting the people and their lives first, prioritize the safety of the people's lives, strengthen the prevention and response of all types and chains of disasters, ensure the basic livelihood of disaster stricken people, enhance the awareness of disaster prevention and reduction among the whole population, improve the popularization of public safety knowledge and self rescue skills, and effectively reduce casualties and property losses.

——Adhere to proactive prevention as the main approach. Adhere to the principle of prevention at the source and moving the checkpoint forward, improve the legal and standard contingency plan system for disaster prevention, reduction, and relief, integrate natural disaster prevention and control into major strategies, plans, and projects, strengthen regular comprehensive disaster reduction, enhance risk assessment, disaster prevention and defense, monitoring and early warning, and hidden danger investigation, coordinate the use of various resources and various means, and enhance the ability of the whole society to resist and respond to disasters.

——Adhere to scientific precision. Adhere to systematic thinking, scientifically grasp the characteristics of disaster incubation, occurrence, and evolution under the background of global climate change, optimize and integrate various scientific and technological resources, implement targeted and precise governance, achieve accurate warning release, plan implementation, risk control, emergency rescue, and recovery and reconstruction.

——Persist in collective prevention and control. Adhere to the position of the people as the main body, uphold the mass viewpoint and mass line, fully leverage the role of mass organizations, actively mobilize urban and rural community organizations and residents to participate extensively, strengthen effective measures that are conducive to mobilizing and exerting the polarity of all sectors of society, and build a solid defense line for disaster prevention, reduction, and relief for the people.

（3） Planning objectives.

Overall goal: By 2025, significant progress will be made in modernizing the natural disaster prevention and control system and capacity, and a natural disaster prevention and control system will be basically established that is coordinated and effective, with clear responsibilities, integrated prevention and control, social participation, and coordinated with high-quality economic and social development. Strive to achieve modernization of the natural disaster prevention and control system and capacity by 2035, and make the prevention and response to major and catastrophic disasters more powerful, orderly, and effective.

Sub objective:

——The disaster prevention, reduction, and relief system and mechanism of overall coordination and division of labor responsibility have been further improved, and the overall guidance and comprehensive coordination role of various levels and types of disaster prevention, reduction, and relief deliberation and coordination institutions have been fully utilized. Positive progress has been made in the comprehensive legislation of natural disaster prevention and control.

——Disaster relief and assistance are more powerful and effective. Within 10 hours of a disaster, the basic livelihood of the affected people is effectively assisted. The proportion of direct economic losses caused by disasters to the gross domestic product is controlled within 1% per year, the annual mortality rate per million population is controlled within 1, and the annual number of affected people per 100000 is controlled within 15000.

——The defense level of urban and rural infrastructure and major projects has been significantly improved, and the key disaster prevention and reduction engineering systems such as earthquake resistance and disaster reduction, flood prevention and drought resistance, geological disaster prevention and control, and ecological restoration have become more complete and their roles have become more prominent.

——The disaster comprehensive monitoring and early warning platform has been basically established, and the mechanisms for reporting and sharing disaster comprehensive monitoring and early warning information, joint consultation and analysis, and early warning response linkage have been further improved. The intensity, accuracy, and timeliness of disaster early warning information have been further improved, and the public coverage rate of disaster early warning information release has reached 90%.

——Establishing a national comprehensive risk database for natural disasters by component type and region, compiling national, provincial, municipal, and county-level comprehensive risk maps and prevention and control zoning maps for natural disasters, and significantly improving the national comprehensive risk assessment capability for disasters.

——The grassroots organizational system for disaster prevention, reduction, and relief has been effectively strengthened, the standard system for comprehensive disaster reduction demonstration has been improved, and management has become more standardized. Disaster prevention and reduction science popularization and education have been widely carried out, and various disaster prevention and reduction facilities have been planned and constructed scientifically and laid out reasonably. The proportion of people who master basic emergency evacuation and rescue skills has significantly increased, and there is at least one disaster information officer in each village (community) in urban and rural areas.

3、 Main tasks

（1） Promote the modernization of the natural disaster prevention and control system.

1. Deepen reform and innovation, and improve the management mechanism for disaster prevention, reduction, and relief.

Establish and improve a unified, professional and effective comprehensive coordination mechanism for natural disaster prevention and control, strengthen the management mode of overall coordination and prevention and control integration, and form a disaster prevention, reduction and relief pattern of all parties working together and coordinating. Establish and improve the system for investigating and evaluating major natural disasters, and promote the implementation of natural disaster prevention and control responsibilities. Establish and improve the coordination and linkage mechanism between military and civilian rescue and disaster relief, strengthen information exchange, resource sharing, demand docking, and action coordination, and form a joint force for emergency rescue. Strengthen regional cooperation in disaster prevention, reduction, and relief. In the implementation of major national strategies such as the coordinated development of the Beijing Tianjin Hebei region, the development of the Yangtze River Economic Belt, the construction of the Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area, the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta, the ecological protection and high-quality development of the Yellow River Basin, and rural revitalization, coordinate the construction of regional disaster prevention and reduction coordination mechanisms, and strengthen regional linkage and cooperation in disaster information, relief materials, and rescue forces.

2. Highlight comprehensive legislation, improve the system of laws, regulations, and contingency plan standards.

Promote the revision of laws and regulations on disaster prevention, reduction, and relief, and focus on building a legal system for natural disaster prevention and control in the new era. Revise and improve emergency plans for natural disasters at both central and local levels, implement responsibilities and measures, strengthen dynamic management, and enhance the systematic and practical nature of the natural disaster emergency plan system. Develop and revise standards and specifications for disaster monitoring, forecasting, early warning, risk assessment, disaster information sharing, disaster statistics, emergency material support, post disaster recovery and reconstruction, and strengthen the application, implementation, publicity and training of standards at all levels.

3. Strengthen source control and improve disaster prevention and reduction planning and guarantee mechanisms.

Strengthen planning coordination, incorporate safety and resilience, disaster risk assessment, etc. into the requirements of national spatial planning, delineate disaster risk areas, coordinate the delineation of important control lines such as cultivated land and long-term basic farmland, ecological protection red lines, urban development boundaries, and rain and flood risk control lines, and strengthen the constraints of planning bottom lines. Coordinate the construction of infrastructure and public service layout for flood control and drainage, water resource utilization, ecological protection and restoration, pollution prevention and control in urban and rural areas and regions (watersheds), and combine regional ecological network layout to form a continuous, complete, and systematic ecological protection pattern and open space network system for urban ecological corridors. Complete the first national comprehensive risk survey of natural disasters as a whole, establish a national comprehensive risk database for natural disasters by type and region, prepare comprehensive risk maps and prevention and control zoning maps for natural disasters, revise seismic intensity zoning, flood risk zoning, typhoon risk zoning, geological disaster risk zoning, etc.

4. Promote joint construction and governance, improve social forces and market participation mechanisms.

Develop and improve relevant policies, industry standards, and codes of conduct, improve coordination and information exchange platforms, support and guide social forces to participate in comprehensive risk investigation, hidden danger investigation and governance, emergency rescue, disaster relief donations, life assistance, recovery and reconstruction, psychological counseling and social work, science popularization and education, and other work. Actively support the development of disaster prevention, reduction, and relief industries, establish a number of national security emergency industry demonstration bases, encourage collaborative innovation among government, industry, academia, research, and enterprises, and promote the industrialization of disaster prevention and reduction scientific and technological achievements. Organize and implement a batch of pilot demonstration projects for the application of safety equipment, explore new application models such as "product+service+insurance", and guide various market entities to participate in the engineering application and industrial development of advanced technology equipment. Establish and improve policies and systems for emergency requisition compensation of social resources, participation of militia and social emergency forces in emergency rescue, etc. Establish a sound catastrophic insurance system, promote the improvement of agricultural insurance, resident housing disaster insurance, commercial property insurance, fire public liability insurance and other systems, and fully leverage the role of insurance mechanisms.

5. Strengthen multiple measures and improve the long-term mechanism for disaster prevention and reduction science popularization and education.

Develop and implement disaster prevention, mitigation, and relief education and training plans, increase education and training efforts, and overall enhance the disaster risk management capabilities of leaders at all levels. Continue to incorporate disaster prevention and mitigation knowledge into the national education system and increase efforts to promote education. Strengthen the integration of resources and the construction of propaganda and education platforms, promote the deepening and implementation of disaster prevention and reduction science popularization and education in enterprises, rural areas, communities, schools, and families. Make full use of National Disaster Prevention and Reduction Day, Safety Production Month, National Fire Day, International Disaster Reduction Day, World First Aid Day and other nodes to organize and carry out various forms of disaster prevention and reduction knowledge propaganda, warning education and emergency drills, and form a stable and normalized mechanism.

6. Serve the overall diplomatic situation and improve the international disaster reduction exchange and cooperation mechanism.

Promote the implementation of the United Nations 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development and the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015-2030, and pragmatically fulfill bilateral and multilateral cooperation agreements on disaster prevention, reduction, and relief. Widely promote the concept and achievements of disaster prevention, reduction, and relief in China, and deeply participate in the formulation of relevant documents and international rules in the field of global and regional disaster prevention, reduction, and relief. We will build an international exchange and cooperation platform for comprehensive disaster reduction, improve the international cooperation mechanism for natural disaster prevention and emergency management of the "the Belt and Road", and deepen exchanges and cooperation with neighboring countries in the field of natural disaster prevention. Promote China's high-end equipment and products for disaster prevention, reduction, and relief to go global, and actively participate in international humanitarian rescue operations.

（2） Promote the modernization of natural disaster prevention and control capabilities.

1. Strengthen the construction of disaster prevention and mitigation infrastructure, and enhance the defense capabilities of urban and rural engineering.

Promote the construction of embankments for major rivers and lakes to meet standards, accelerate the construction of flood control reservoirs and storage and detention areas, strengthen the management of small and medium-sized rivers, reinforce dangerous reservoirs, and prevent and control mountain flood disasters. Promote the construction of major water sources and key water diversion projects, accelerate the construction of small and medium-sized drought resistant emergency water sources, carry out the continuous construction and modernization of irrigation areas, and improve the ability to guarantee drought resistant water supply sources and urban and rural water supply safety. Coordinate urban flood control and waterlogging management, strengthen the governance and restoration of river and lake water systems and ecological spaces, the construction and renovation of pipeline networks and pumping stations, drainage channels and rainwater source reduction projects, flood control enhancement projects, and other constructions. Implement major national projects for the protection and restoration of important ecosystems, continue to implement coastal zone protection and restoration, and promote further improvement in the quality of natural ecosystems. Promote the construction of high standard farmland and improve the ability to resist drought and flood. Implement projects such as the renovation of highway and waterway infrastructure, comprehensive management of geological disasters, renovation of dilapidated houses in rural areas, and reinforcement of housing facilities in earthquake prone areas. Build and improve fire emergency roads and forest fire barrier networks in key forest areas, and strengthen the construction of infrastructure for preventing and controlling forest and grass biological disasters.

2. Focus on multiple types of disasters and disaster chains, strengthen the linkage mechanism between meteorological disaster warning and emergency response.

Strengthen the application of disaster monitoring space technology, accelerate the construction of national civil space infrastructure, speed up the networking of disaster ground monitoring stations, widely carry out the reporting of grassroots risk and hidden danger information, and enhance the comprehensive monitoring and early warning capabilities for multiple disasters and disaster chains. Establish a sound mechanism for cross departmental interconnection and communication of disaster information, and achieve timely sharing of information on disaster causing factors, disaster bearing bodies, rescue and relief resources, etc. Accelerate the construction of a comprehensive monitoring and early warning system for natural disasters, strengthen the consultation and analysis of disaster trends and situations, and improve the ability to accurately identify, assess, and comprehensively judge major risks in the early stage. Improve the disaster early warning information release system that is shared by multiple departments, integrated with multiple disaster types and means, and connected at the five levels of central province city county township, to enhance the timeliness and accuracy of early warning information release. Further strengthen the team of disaster information officers, fully leverage the roles of volunteer fire rapid responders, "light cavalry" front-line communication teams, and others. Strengthen the connection between meteorological disaster warning and emergency response, enhance the implementation of warning action measures, and if necessary, take measures such as closing public places in disaster prone areas, transferring and evacuating personnel from threatened areas, as well as rigid measures such as suspension of work, school, assembly, and traffic control to ensure personnel safety. Strengthen public opinion monitoring and guidance, and actively respond to social concerns.

3. Based on precision, effectiveness, and orderliness, enhance rescue and relief capabilities.

Integrate and utilize various emergency resources, scientifically construct an emergency rescue force system, optimize the layout of national comprehensive fire rescue teams and professional emergency rescue forces such as maritime rescue, and enhance the ability to quickly and accurately rescue and rescue. Establish regional emergency rescue centers and improve the national emergency command and equipment reserve and transportation platform system. Strengthen the research and development of rescue and disaster relief equipment, increase the allocation of advanced and applicable equipment, and prioritize meeting the equipment allocation needs of underdeveloped and disaster prone areas in the central and western regions. Establish a sound and comprehensive aviation emergency rescue system, equip a batch of large aircraft through leasing and purchasing, optimize the coordination and guarantee mechanism for airspace use, strengthen the construction of supporting facilities such as aviation rescue stations, outdoor aprons, temporary takeoff and landing points, water intake points, and outdoor gas stations, and build aviation emergency service bases. Establish a sound emergency response mechanism for disaster relief, adjust and optimize policies for disaster emergency assistance, transitional assistance, restoration and reconstruction of damaged houses, drought relief, and winter and spring life assistance, and improve the level of disaster relief. Scientifically plan and implement post disaster recovery and reconstruction, and strengthen the construction of disaster prevention and reduction facilities such as grassroots disaster avoidance points in areas prone to multiple disasters.

4. Optimize the structural layout and enhance the ability to provide disaster relief materials.

Establish a sound national emergency material reserve system, promote the construction and expansion of central disaster relief material reserve warehouses, and focus on adding central disaster relief material reserve warehouses in transportation hub cities, densely populated areas, and areas prone to major natural disasters. Continue to improve the reserve system at the city and county levels in the central and western regions and economically underdeveloped high-risk areas. Support the establishment of a material reserve warehouse by the Red Cross. Scientifically adjust the categories, scale, and structure of reserves, optimize the production capacity guarantee and regional layout of important disaster relief materials. Conduct a capacity survey of important disaster relief materials, develop a capacity reserve catalog, and improve the national disaster relief material storage system. Establish a unified procurement and supply system for disaster relief materials, promote the application of comprehensive information platform for disaster relief materials, and improve the mechanisms for centralized production, centralized dispatching, emergency procurement, emergency production, emergency requisition, emergency dispatching and distribution of disaster relief materials.

5. Guided by the application of new technologies and talent cultivation, enhance the technological support capabilities for disaster prevention and reduction.

Relying on national science and technology plans (special projects, funds), strengthen basic theoretical research and key technological breakthroughs. Explore the establishment of a list for the transformation of scientific and technological achievements in disaster prevention, reduction, and relief, and strengthen the promotion and application of scientific and technological achievements. We will promote the construction of relevant State Key Laboratory and national technology innovation centers as a whole, and build a number of natural disaster observation stations, field science observation stations, and national science and technology achievements transformation demonstration areas that combine science and education. Coordinate the construction of a leading talent team for natural disaster prevention and control, establish a high-end think tank for natural disaster prevention and control, and play a role in decision-making consultation. Promote the construction of disciplines and majors related to comprehensive risk prevention and emergency management of natural disasters, encourage and support higher education institutions with conditions to offer majors related to disaster prevention and reduction, and actively cultivate professional talents. Strengthen earthquake risk survey and prevention, enhance active fault detection and urban active fault strong earthquake risk assessment, and carry out urban earthquake disaster scenario construction. Give full play to the positive role of weather modification operations in drought resistance, increased rainfall (snow), and agricultural disaster prevention and reduction.

6. Give full play to the role of the people's defense line and enhance the comprehensive disaster reduction capacity at the grassroots level.

Combining the implementation of strategies such as new urbanization, rural revitalization, and regional coordinated development, we will improve the comprehensive risk prevention system and response coordination mechanism for urban and rural disasters. Implement the plan to enhance grassroots emergency response capabilities, improve the emergency and fire protection organizational system of townships (streets), and achieve the goal of having institutions, venues, personnel, basic equipment, and materials. Deeply organize and carry out comprehensive disaster reduction demonstration creation, vigorously promote grid management of disaster risks, and achieve normalization of community disaster risk and hidden danger investigation and governance. Promote the standardized construction of emergency response capabilities in grassroots communities, and achieve the "Six Ones" goals for each community, namely one contingency plan, one team, one risk and hidden danger map, one emergency evacuation route map, one reserve point, and at least one annual drill, continuously consolidating the foundation of mass prevention and control.

4、 Key projects

（1） The project to enhance the comprehensive monitoring and early warning capabilities for natural disasters.

1. Construction of comprehensive disaster monitoring and early warning system.

China is prone to frequent natural disasters, with multiple types of disasters gathering and disaster chain characteristics becoming increasingly prominent. It is urgent to strengthen the integration and innovative application of technologies such as satellite remote sensing, big data, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things, strengthen the construction of comprehensive monitoring and early warning systems, and improve the timeliness and accuracy of forecasting and early warning.

Construction of risk basic database. Based on the results of the first national comprehensive risk survey of natural disasters, we will establish a national comprehensive risk database for natural disasters by type and region, and draw comprehensive risk maps, comprehensive risk zoning maps, and comprehensive prevention and control zoning maps for natural disasters at a national scale of 1:1 million, provincial scale of 1:250000, and city/county scale of 1:50000. We will standardize the dynamic updates and shared applications of the basic database, assessment, and zoning maps.

Construction of risk monitoring system. Relying on disaster monitoring and perception information resources in industries and fields such as meteorology, water conservancy, electricity, natural resources, and emergency management, we will leverage the role of "civil defense+technical defense", integrate six major disaster monitoring modules including earthquake, geology, meteorology, water and drought, ocean, forest and grassland fires, establish a comprehensive monitoring and early warning system for all types, elements, and chains of disasters that integrates multi-source sensing methods, and carry out pilot construction in key areas such as Beijing Tianjin Hebei, Yangtze River Delta, Guangdong Hong Kong Macao Greater Bay Area, Yangtze River Basin, Yellow River Basin, and Qinghai Tibet Plateau.

Construction of risk warning system. On the basis of the implementation results of the natural disaster monitoring and early warning informationization project, fully utilizing technologies such as 5G, big data, cloud computing, and artificial intelligence, integrating and constructing analysis models for rapid assessment, intelligent analysis, and scientific evaluation of disaster risks, building a major disaster risk early identification and forecasting early warning system, improving the efficiency and accuracy of long-term, medium, and short-term disaster risk forecasting and early warning, connecting with the national emergency warning information release system, and realizing the release of warning information through multiple means, channels, and audiences.

2. Construction of emergency satellite constellation application system.

Emergency satellites are technological strategic resources for the construction of a comprehensive monitoring and early warning network system. At present, the application level of disaster prevention and reduction in civil space infrastructure such as high-resolution satellite remote sensing, Beidou navigation, and satellite communication in China is constantly improving. However, the accuracy of satellite monitoring and early warning is still insufficient, and it is urgent to rely on the construction of national space infrastructure to systematically build an emergency satellite constellation and comprehensive application system.

Construction of emergency satellite constellation. Relying on the coordination of national comprehensive departments, national aerospace departments, and commercial satellites, we will promote the formation of regional gaze satellites, continuous monitoring satellites, and dynamic census satellite sequences to meet the decision-making needs of disaster monitoring and early warning, emergency rescue, etc., and build a three-dimensional observation system of emergency satellites for all types, elements, and processes of disasters. Based on the emergency satellite constellation and emergency management business requirements, a comprehensive application system is constructed. Accelerate the construction of the national civil space infrastructure emergency comprehensive application system project, carry out comprehensive monitoring of major disasters, multiple types of disasters, and multiple elements of disaster chains, establish and improve the business model, product system, and technical standard system of satellite emergency comprehensive application, carry out key technology research and demonstration projects for integrated application of "communication, navigation, and remote sensing", and enhance satellite monitoring and early warning capabilities.

Construction of a space-based information service platform. Promote the development of multi system integrated satellite communication systems and the construction of comprehensive data business processing centers, supporting the research and development of integrated integrated communication equipment, to achieve real-time two-way communication and data transmission under all-weather, all time, and complex terrain conditions, and improve service levels such as personnel positioning and emergency rescue.

（2） Emergency rescue capability enhancement project.

3. Construction of disaster rescue teams.

In recent years, China has made positive progress in the construction of natural disaster emergency rescue teams. However, the construction of emergency rescue teams in China started relatively late and has a relatively weak foundation. The layout of emergency rescue teams and the distribution of disaster risks still need to be optimized. The capacity of the national comprehensive fire rescue team and professional emergency rescue team needs to be strengthened, and the social emergency forces urgently need to be standardized and developed.

Construction of engineering emergency rescue team. Based on natural disaster engineering emergency response bases and large enterprises in the professional construction field, establish a list of specialized teams for embankment prevention and rescue, breach sealing, gate rescue, and emergency response to dammed lakes. Build regional engineering emergency response teams that combine peace and war in areas prone to frequent floods and geological disasters. Strengthen the construction of engineering emergency skills training bases, establish a joint defense and training mechanism, enhance the provision of professional emergency rescue equipment, and overall improve the ability and level of engineering emergency rescue.

Construction of earthquake emergency rescue teams. Relying on the strength of China International Rescue Team, China Rescue Team, China Rescue Mobile Professional Detachment, etc., to support the development of national earthquake disaster rescue teams. Construct the Kashgar International Earthquake Rescue Training Base in Xinjiang, upgrade and transform the National Earthquake Emergency Rescue Training Base and the Lanzhou National Land Search and Rescue Base. In earthquake prone areas such as Sichuan, Yunnan, Xizang, Qinghai and Xinjiang, as well as key areas such as Beijing Tianjin Hebei, we will build a number of professional rescue teams with earthquake rescue capabilities, increase the allocation of key rescue equipment, and improve the level of earthquake disaster rescue.

Construction of emergency rescue teams for forest and grassland fires. Relying on the national comprehensive fire rescue team, large state-owned forest industry enterprises, and local dedicated forest and grassland firefighting backbone teams, we will build regional mechanized forest and grassland firefighting teams in key areas, strengthen professional skills training, and enhance our ability to respond to and deal with major forest and grassland fires. Construct several national forest fire prevention field training bases in key forest areas, equipped with professional firefighting equipment.

Construction of social emergency forces. Formulate and issue opinions on strengthening the construction of social emergency forces, carry out professional skills training for social emergency forces, encourage social emergency forces to go deep into grassroots communities to identify risks and hidden dangers, popularize emergency knowledge, and participate in emergency response, promote the inclusion of social emergency forces in disaster prevention and reduction, emergency response, etc. in the scope of government procurement services and insurance, and provide necessary support in road traffic, logistics support, and other aspects. Promote the construction of disaster prevention and mitigation teams such as disaster information officers, strengthen professional training, establish and improve social service guarantee mechanisms, and enhance the ability to identify hidden dangers, transmit warning information, and organize the masses to avoid disasters and risks. Intensify the promotion of social responsibility obligations for disaster prevention and reduction, and guide social organizations such as the Red Cross to participate widely in disaster prevention, reduction, and relief work and actively play their role.

4. Construction of disaster rescue technology and equipment.

Earthquakes, floods and other disasters occur frequently in our country, and emergency rescue tasks are arduous, with harsh environments and great difficulty. Especially for severe water environments, high-altitude and high-altitude mountainous areas, and remote areas, the technical equipment requirements for disaster relief are extremely high. At present, the emergency traffic communication, life search, danger handling, personal protection and other special equipment supporting emergency rescue are in short supply and lack of progressiveness applicability, which seriously restricts the effectiveness of emergency rescue.

Development of specialized emergency rescue equipment. Develop specialized emergency rescue equipment such as emergency rescue equipment, cold and frost resistant protective equipment, breach sealing equipment, and multifunctional equipment for water related rescue, targeting harsh water environments, high-altitude and cold conditions, inspection and sealing of embankment hazards, and emergency response of barrier lakes. We will focus on strengthening the research and application promotion of urgently needed equipment for emergency rescue, such as intelligent rescue robots, remote control of dam breaking and plugging, high-resolution detection of deep water, high-altitude heavy-duty unmanned aerial vehicles, and aerial lifting of large equipment in complex high-altitude terrain.

Development of emergency transportation support equipment. Develop and equip large-scale modular all terrain amphibious emergency rescue equipment, large-span rolling stone obstacle rapid rescue equipment, etc. for natural disasters such as mountain rivers, high mountain canyons, high-altitude and remote geological areas, floods, etc. Develop emergency transportation support equipment with stable performance and strong mobility by comprehensively utilizing technologies such as drones, satellite remote sensing, and the Internet of Things.

Development of emergency command communication equipment. In response to natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods, forest and grassland fires, we will develop and equip light satellite communication equipment, large bandwidth fast self-organizing network communication technology equipment, underwater communication technology equipment, subway and urban deep underground space communication technology equipment, and multi team collaborative communication technology equipment to enhance emergency command and communication support capabilities.

Development of emergency life rescue equipment. In response to emergency life rescue, we will develop and equip emergency life rescue equipment such as large-area aerial life detection equipment, water related remote medical rescue equipment, portable emergency medical rescue equipment for aviation, special emergency rescue equipment, complex terrain disaster emergency rescue robots, and disaster narrow and abandoned village life search equipment. Promote the construction of deep-sea rescue and salvage capabilities in inland lakes, and achieve the lightweight and remote delivery of deep-sea diving equipment.

5. Construction of disaster rescue materials guarantee.

Emergency material support is an important part of the construction of the national emergency management system. China's emergency material reserves are still relatively insufficient, with an overall scale of insufficient and single types. The layout of emergency material reserves urgently needs to be optimized. The role of the emergency material market and social security is not fully utilized, and the production capacity guarantee and transportation capacity are insufficient. These shortcomings still need to be further improved.

Construction of material reserve system. At the central level, we will renovate and expand the existing 12 central life disaster relief material reserve warehouses and upgrade 35 general reserve warehouses, establish comprehensive national reserve bases in North China, Northeast China, East China, Central China, South China, Southwest China, and Northwest China, and maintain a central emergency material reserve scale of more than 440 varieties in 30 categories. At the local level, based on actual needs and construction conditions, the existing emergency material reserve warehouse will be renovated and expanded to address the urgent need for emergency material support, with a focus on improving the emergency material reserve system in economically underdeveloped and high-risk disaster areas in the central and western regions.

Material production capacity improvement project. Based on the national emergency material management platform, establish a database of key emergency material production enterprises. Conduct regional layout capacity surveys, encourage various regions to rely on safety emergency industry demonstration bases, optimize the allocation of emergency material production capacity, and focus on strengthening the construction of emergency material production capacity in western regions and border provinces.

Modernization project for material allocation. Establish emergency material transportation platforms and regional distribution centers based on the central and provincial backbone warehouses of emergency management departments. Fully utilize resources such as socialized logistics and distribution enterprises, strengthen the construction of emergency rescue team transportation capabilities, equip transportation vehicles and equipment, and optimize the connection between warehousing and transportation. Establish a sound emergency logistics dispatch mechanism and improve the efficiency of emergency material loading, unloading, and circulation. Explore and promote the construction of modular storage and transportation capabilities for emergency supplies, improve supporting facilities for emergency supplies distribution, and facilitate the "last mile" of village (community) distribution.

6. Informationization construction of comprehensive management of emergency resources.

At present, the information on major emergency rescue teams, equipment and materials, emergency shelters and other rescue resources in China has not been comprehensively collected, making it difficult to manage and allocate them in a coordinated manner. The intelligent and information-based scientific management of emergency resources is insufficient, and the support for effective disaster prevention, reduction and emergency response and rescue is insufficient. It is urgent to strengthen the informationization construction of comprehensive emergency resource management nationwide and improve the efficiency of emergency resource utilization.

Informationization construction of emergency rescue team management. Statistically sort out the existing comprehensive natural disaster emergency rescue teams, industry-specific disaster emergency rescue teams, and social emergency forces, carry out emergency team classification, strength evaluation, and registration and filing. Establish a database of emergency rescue teams and experts at all levels and types of engineering, build an information system for natural disaster emergency rescue teams, and carry out research and application of key functions such as equipment and material allocation, route time planning, etc. for emergency rescue teams.

Informationization construction of emergency equipment and material management. Relying on the national emergency resource management platform, we will build an emergency equipment and material database and information management system, focusing on the development, configuration, promotion, production, procurement, reserve, allocation, transportation, distribution, and recycling of emergency equipment and materials. We will carry out information management throughout the entire lifecycle, construct key models and algorithms for emergency equipment and material supply and demand matching, applicability analysis, intelligent allocation, and logistics optimization, and achieve business oriented promotion and application.

Informationization construction of emergency shelter management. Develop national guidelines and relevant standards and regulations for the construction and management of emergency shelters, fully utilize urban and rural public service facilities and site space resources, promote scientific and reasonable planning and high standard construction of emergency shelters in various regions, and focus on strengthening the promotion and construction of comprehensive, indoor, and rural emergency shelters. Conduct a nationwide survey on the construction and management of emergency shelters, establish and improve the information management system for emergency shelters, achieve informationization, bookkeeping, and dynamic management of emergency shelters, and form functions for daily management, disaster command, and public inquiry.

（3） Natural Disaster Emergency Comprehensive Support Capability Enhancement Project.

7. Construction of emergency technology support for natural disasters.

With the rapid development of urbanization and urban agglomerations, natural disasters such as earthquakes, geology, meteorology, floods and droughts, forest and grassland fires are prone to chain reactions and amplification effects. After major disasters occur, the technical support that can provide on-site monitoring, loss assessment, decision support and other aspects for emergency rescue command agencies and rescue teams is relatively weak and urgently needs to be strengthened.

Construction of National Disaster Prevention Science City. Based on the major safety risk prevention and control needs of China's major earthquake and geological disaster chain, rainstorm and flood disaster chain, forest and grassland fire disaster chain, safety production accident chain and urban complex, build a national disaster prevention science city, carry out basic theoretical research on the breeding mechanism, evolution process, prevention and treatment technology of natural disasters, strengthen scientific research on major key technologies of disasters and accidents and industrial application of new technologies, new materials, new equipment, and provide service support such as disaster and accident simulation, practical training drills, science popularization experience, etc.

Construction of technical support forces. Strengthen the capacity of national technical support units for natural disaster prevention and control, and enhance cooperation and collaboration with professional technical institutions in industries such as earthquakes, natural resources, meteorology, water conservancy, and energy. Support various disaster related industry planning, surveying and design units to establish national and regional professional emergency technology centers, focusing on tackling technical challenges such as disaster emergency monitoring, risk prevention and control, and disaster response. Key construction of national and regional emergency technology centers for water, drought, and geological disasters. Construct several regional (basin) comprehensive disaster risk monitoring and early warning experimental bases in the Yangtze River Basin, Yellow River Basin, Qinghai Tibet Plateau, and other areas. Support the universal establishment of comprehensive monitoring and early warning centers for urban safety, to conduct real-time, comprehensive, and accurate monitoring of urban operation trends, and to achieve early identification, early warning, and early disposal of major risks and hidden dangers to urban safety.

8. Construction of disaster prevention and reduction science popularization and education bases.

Over the years, China's disaster prevention and reduction science popularization, education, and training work has been continuously promoted, but there are still problems such as insufficient development of disaster prevention and reduction courses, insufficient training intensity, and single training methods, which have a significant gap with the needs of disaster prevention, reduction, and relief work.

Construction of disaster prevention and mitigation education system. Relying on the resources of emergency management departments, education units, universities, enterprises, and institutions, we will build national and provincial disaster prevention and reduction education backbone forces. Establish a natural disaster prevention and control college and professional disciplines in conjunction with the establishment of an emergency management university, and improve teaching, curriculum, and research facilities for disaster prevention, reduction, and relief. Establish a case library of major disaster events, develop online training courses for leaders and commanders at all levels, promote online training, and improve professional decision-making and command capabilities for disaster prevention, reduction, and relief.

Construction of Disaster Prevention and Reduction Research Exchange Base. Based on the regional emergency rescue center and the national comprehensive technical support institution for natural disasters, research will be conducted on the environment, occurrence mechanism, and evolution law of transnational and cross regional catastrophic disasters, and the policy system for disaster risk reduction will be improved. We will strengthen multilateral and bilateral emergency rescue cooperation among countries along the "the Belt and Road" and China ASEAN, and organize research on regional disaster prevention, mitigation and relief technologies and international academic exchanges.

9. Capacity building for natural disaster insurance services.

At present, the role of natural disaster insurance in disaster risk assessment and prevention in China is limited, and there is an urgent need to carry out systematic service capacity building and guidance to promote the continuous improvement of disaster risk management level in the whole society.

Utilizing the resource advantages of the insurance industry, relying on insurance institutions, insurance research institutions, industry social organizations, etc., establish disaster prevention and mitigation insurance research bases and big data innovation application laboratories, build interdisciplinary and cross disciplinary research platforms with multi-party participation, and develop insurance products suitable for responding to natural disasters such as earthquakes, geology, meteorology, floods and droughts, oceans, forest and grassland fires. Based on disaster risk data from emergency management departments and information on insurance industry disaster victims, establish and improve the national disaster risk database, organize the research and development of disaster risk assessment models and simulation, regularly release national natural disaster risk analysis and assessment reports, and guide the insurance industry to accelerate its development in disaster prevention and reduction. Adhere to the principle of marketization, explore the integration of grassroots social governance grid personnel and insurance practitioners, grassroots disaster prevention and mitigation networks and insurance institution service outlets, promote the extension of insurance service touchpoints to disaster monitoring and prevention, early warning information transmission, publicity and education training, and other fields, and give full play to the role of insurance resources in disaster risk management services.

5、 Guarantee measures

（1） Strengthen organizational leadership.

Each region and relevant department should regard the implementation of this plan as an important task in preventing and resolving major security risks. Based on the actual situation, they should formulate disaster prevention and reduction plans or implementation plans for their respective regions and industries, refine task division and stage goals, clarify responsible parties, and strengthen the connection with the annual plan. To optimize and integrate resources, improve cross regional and cross departmental planning and implementation coordination mechanisms, coordinate planning tasks and major engineering project implementation, and ensure the timely achievement of various goals. We need to strengthen the promotion and guidance of planning implementation, and create a favorable atmosphere for planning implementation.

（2） Strengthen financial security.

Improve the funding guarantee mechanism for disaster prevention, reduction, and relief, as well as the compensation mechanism for emergency requisition, with government investment and graded responsibility. The necessary funds for basic construction, equipment procurement, information technology construction, etc. shall be reasonably arranged based on the principle of doing our best, acting within our capabilities, and in accordance with the division of financial powers and expenditure responsibilities between the central and local governments, while fully utilizing existing resources. Improve fiscal and financial policies, encourage and mobilize social capital investment, and effectively promote the implementation of planning related tasks and engineering projects.

（3） Strengthen assessment and evaluation.

Establish a management, monitoring, and evaluation system for planning implementation, and make the implementation of planning tasks an important part of the supervision of local and departmental work. The Office of the National Disaster Reduction Commission organizes planning and implementation evaluations, analyzes the progress of implementation, and proposes improvement measures. Each region and relevant department should strengthen the supervision and inspection of the implementation of the plan, ensuring that the implementation of the plan achieves practical results.

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